Field-Trial Results for Produced-Water Polishing with New Vertical Units Utilizing Low Centrifugal Forces and Induced Gas Flotation for Compliance During Produced-Water Operations

摘要

During crude oil production, a significant amount of water is co-produced. This produced water is the largest volume waste stream in oil production, with an estimated 670 million tons of produced water generated worldwide during 2002(1). Typically, a new operational field produces relatively minor amounts of water, i.e. 0-20%, of the total production. As the field ages, the water volume can increase to over 90% of the production. The offshore production facilities primarily treat oil/water mixtures by adding chemical agents to assist the mechanical separation of the fluids.