A SUBMILLIMETER LINE SURVEY OF LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS: PRELUDE TO ALMA AND HERSCHEL

摘要

The results from a single-dish molecular line survey of a set of 18 deeply embedded young stellar objects are summarized. More than 40 lines from 16 different species were observed with the JCMT, On-sala, IRAM 30m and SEST telescopes. The multi-transition data are analyzed using a temperature and density structure derived from models of the dust continuum emission. For the outer envelope ( > 300 AU), the data indicate a 'drop' abundance profile for many species, with normal abundances in the outer- and innermost regions and highly depleted abundances in an intermediate zone. This zone is bounded at the outer edge by the density where the timescale for freeze-out becomes longer than the lifetime of the core, and at the inner edge by the evaporation temperature of the species involved. In the innermost envelope ( < 300 AU), all ices evaporate resulting in jumps in the abundances of complex organic molecules such as CH_3OH. A key project for Herschel will be to survey gas-phase water in these objects, whose abundance shows extreme variations with temperature. ALMA wil be able to directly image the chemical variations throughout the envelope and zoom in on the inner hot core and protoplane-tary disks on scales on tens of AU.