Recent remarkable progresses of microscopic understanding for water,aqueous solution and water-solid interface have been obtained by the ab initio method.Most of their structural and physicochemical properties(density,diffusivity,po-larizability,vibrational spectra,hydration mechanism,etc.)can be investigated by this method.In this paper,we will review latest progress of understanding of water,aqueous solution and water-solid interface at a microscopic level by using state of the art computational approach.Actually,most of these meaningful works about water and aqueous solution were done since the latter half of 1990s by the cooperative group of theoretical chemists and theoretical physicists mainly from Europe(Marx et al.,1997;Ramaniah et al.,1999;Silvestrelli and Parrinello,1999;Geissler et al.,2001).And for these studies,several important computation methods have been developed.With the recent increase in the calculation power of computers,the system including water-solid surface is also becoming practical targets.
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