Hydroxide (OH~-) exchange membrane fuel cells (HEMFCs) have been shown to have the potential to become truly affordable and viable power sources because of their ability to work with non-precious metal catalysts and inexpensive hydrocarbon membranes. Equally importantly, the use of solid polymer electrolytes makes HEMFCs completely free from the problems of electrolyte leakage or metal (bi)carbonate formation that the traditional liquid base electrolytes bring.
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