Design of a 1:N switch using nonlinear optical materials in one- dimensional photonic nanostructures

摘要

Photonic crystal superprism structures exhibit a rapid change in the group propagation direction with wavelength. For a fixed wavelength, a small change of the refractive index in a superprism structure also results in a rapid change of the group propagation direction. We present a theoretical investigation of switching in active one-dimensional photonic nanostructures with coupled defects (cavities). This switch can be realized as a multilayer thin-film stack or alternatively in a planar waveguide geometry. The device will allow the switching of an incident laser beam to one of N output positions using either electro-optical or all-optical effects. We consider organic optically nonlinear layers, since organic materials show large nonlinear effects and fast switching times. The proper design of the layer structure is a key component for optimizing the performance of the device. We investigate the most effective position for the integrated nonlinear layers. The active layers can be placed inside the cavities or they can serve as coupling layers between cavities. Both approaches are evaluated with respect to performance parameters such as switching energy and necessary number of layers.