Requirements in Design and Implementation of Restoration Facilities and Procedures in Order to Improve Power System Restoration: the Brazilian Experience

摘要

In order to manage the consequences of blackouts, it was implemented in Brazil a Defense Plan, founded on three pillars: Pillar 1 - Actions to minimize the probability of occurrence of large disturbances. Such measures should be effective in reducing the severity of the events. Pillar 2 - Actions to minimize the propagation of unavoidable disturbances. Such measures should be effective in restricting the immediate effects of the events. Pillar 3 - Actions to optimize load restoration times. These measures should be effective in reducing the load restoration times to the limit considered acceptable from the consumers point of view. There is still an activity, that constitutes a complementary fourth pillar of the Defense Plan, working like a feedback of all the preceding actions. This one is the process known as Disturbances Analysis, through which it is possible to identify eventual problems, analyze them and propose measures to avoid the occurrence of new blackouts or minimizing their consequences. The consequences of blackouts in economical, social and political terms is intrinsically joined to the medium and total time for the restoration of loads. In order to obtain concrete results on the minimization of restoration times, several actions, involving distinct time-frames, have been exhaustively undertaken in the Brazilian Interconnected Power System. Among those actions, aiming the improvement of system restoration process, the following may be cited: improvements in off-line studies, by upgrading criteria, databases, soft wares (new features, friendly interfaces): elaboration of more detailed and precise operation instructions; identification of new resources for the energization procedure; operators training; feedback from disturbances analysis This paper presents in detail the improvements incorporated to the restoration process, in all of its phases, the restoration times verified in the Brazilian Interconnected System and the goals pursued for the reduction of those times, to be achieved in the future.