The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is facing a paradigm shift from object-oriented software development to model-centric development. MDA distinguishes at least three different kinds of models: Platform Independent Model (PIM), Platform Specific Model (PSM) and Implementation Specific Model (ISM). With the MDA approach, some crucial points are the refactoring techniques that allow model transformations leaving their behavior unchanged but enhancing some non-functionality quality factors. In this paper we propose a uniform treatment of refactorings at levels of PIMs, PSMs, and ISMs. We define refactorings as metamodel-based transformation contracts that can be used to validate and test transformations.
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