Our maize high oil selection program involves a series of basic populations with different genetic backgrounds. Here we report the main advances of five populations: BHO, AIHO, Syn.D.O., RYD, and KYHO. By the end of 2001, seven to eighteen cycles of selection had been completed. Data demonstrate that selection procedures used were very effective. Within the selection period, total oil increase was from 6.32% to 9.95% among the five populations. The average genetic gain per cycle was 0.77%. KYHO had the highest genetic gain, 1.18%. Average predicted realized heritability was 0.42. with KYHO again the highest, at 0.67. Correlation analysis indicated that except KYHO, oil% was not negatively correlated with kernel weight but was positively correlated with protein and lysine. Regression analysis indicated that with each 1% oil increase, protein would increase by 0.25% to 0.56% and lysine would increase by 0.01% to 0.015%. Oil% was highly but negatively correlated with starch%. With each 1% oil increase, starch would decrease by 1.48% to 1.83%.
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