TOURISM IMPACTS

摘要

Tourism development commonly has been advocated as an alternative to traditional natural resource- based economic development, such as mining, agriculture and timber production. Demand for these new forms of tourism, such as community- based tourism, nature- based tourism, ecotourism, sustainable tourism, arises from increased concern and interest in unique and fragile ecosystems and a growing desire to travel to new and exotic places. Although numbers are still low compared to those in other tourist destinations, hundreds of thousands of tourists visit the Northern Circumpolar Regions every year. The first motivation of visiting the Arctic is still the wildness of the landscapes but the Region is also attractive because of the quite relatively unknown local people [Smith, 1989]. Tourism is a combination of travel and sightseeing as well as leisure and recreation and the environment is tourism's resource. Every survey of motivations of tourists includes on the list of reasons for visiting destination areas, factors such as sightseeing, natural and cultural heritage, landscape impressions. It is known that all tourism, whether of the mass packaged type or the supposedly more environmentally friendly ecotourism has an impact on landscape and culture. Tourism is dynamic, produce changes as well as responds to its [Butler 1991].