Improvement of the biocompatibility and longevity of implants by developing novel coatings is considered to be an efficient but short-term trend. It is likely to include the development of bioactive and bioinert ligands for surface engineering of materials for particular applications, some of which are presented in this paper. Although in the longer term it is expected that completely novel products for tissue and organ replacement will be developed using achievements of tissue and genetic engineering, it is unlikely that the surface modification approach will become obsolete. After all, the surface structure of cells, blood vessels and other tissues and organs demonstrates that Mother Nature uses surface engineering to create perfectly biocompatible materials.
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