RADIOCHEMICAL PROCEDURES FOR SPECIATION OF ACTINIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT. METHODOLOGY AND DATA OBTAINED IN CONTAMINATED REGIONS OF RUSSIA BY RADIONUCLIDES

摘要

The dynamics of migration of radionuclides in the environment depends mainly on their subsistence forms. 1. The correct estimations of radiation situation , forecasting and elaboration of the measures to rehabilitate the polluted areas are impossible without the knowledge of the regularities of the distribution and migration of the radionuclides. 2. The ability of actinides to change their oxidation states even in the result of insufficient hydrochemical influence complicates the studies of their subsistence forms in environment. 3. There are no any radiochemical techniques nowadays to study subsistence forms of actinides, which have strict theoretical background. The elaboration of conceptual and mathematic models of transportation of radionuclides in various ecosystems requires to accumulate thermodynamic data about the processes of complex formation with the natural and technogeneous ligands, colloid formation, coprecipitation and sorption on the basic minerals.