Several detailed technical investigations of grid ancillary service impacts of wind power plants in the United States have recently been performed. These studies were applied to Xcel Energy (in Minnesota) and PacifiCorp and the Bonneville Power Administration (both in the northwestern United States). Although the approaches vary, three utility time frames appear to be most at issue: regulation, load following, and unit commitment. This paper describes and compares the analytic frameworks from recent analysis and discusses the implications and cost estimates of wind integration. The findings of these studies indicate that relatively large-scale wind generation will have an impact on power system operation and costs, but these impacts and costs are relatively low at penetration rates that are expected over the next several years.
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机译：最近进行了几项详细的技术调查，最近进行了风力电厂的电网辅助服务影响。这些研究适用于Xcel Energy（Minnesota）和Pacififorp和Bonneville Power Administration（在美国西北部）。虽然方法不同，三个实用时间框架似乎最有关：监管，负载跟随和单位承诺。本文介绍了最近分析的分析框架，并讨论了风集成的影响和成本估计。这些研究的结果表明，相对大规模的风力产生对电力系统的运行和成本产生影响，但这些影响和成本在接下来的几年内预期的渗透率相对较低。
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