MANAGING PERSONNEL IN SUSTAINED SPILL RESPONSE EFFORTS

摘要

Although human performance varies greatly between and within individuals,it can generally be predicted from a number of physiological and psychophysiological factors that are common to all humankind,regardless of the operational environment.These include the effects that circadian influences,disrupted sleep,sleep loss,physical exertion,and other factors,including caffeine,alcohol,and overthe-counter medications,have on performance,cognition,and response time,and therefore on the safety of any planned or emergency response operation.Particularly when operational demands require sustained performance in a hazardous time-and cost-sensitive environment,such as during spill response operations,these physiological considerations must be factored into the planning and execution of response operations if maximal safety,effectiveness,and cost efficiency are to be preserved.