METHODS FOR IMAGING EARTHQUAKE DEFORMATION USING SATELLITE DATA AND DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS

摘要

Earthquake deformation comprises both instantaneous, co-seismic strain and cumulative deformation over several earthquake cycles. Co-seismic deformation following events greater than 6 M_s is mapped using differential Interferometry and possibly images from the new generation, very-high spatial resolution sensors. Cumulative deformation is mapped using photo/image-interpretation techniques on enhanced satellite data, both optical and radar, and is mainly directed to the recognition of landforms typical of earthquake terrains, such as offset of river courses, parallel arrangement of "wine-glass" valleys, small sinuosity of mountain fronts etc. If strain markers can be identified on satellite imagery, then some of the kinematics of deformation (slip direction, amount) can be extracted. Remote sensing can also provide conclusive evidence towards identifying the surface expression of seismogenic structures during events between 5.5 and 6 M_s. Data spatial resolution and sun angle are the dominant factors that influence mapping quality.