Fundamental Research of a Mathematical Model of the Human Body - Pilot Study of the Human Head Form Based On 3D Laser Scanning Data

摘要

A three-dimensional scanner can collect surface data of the whole human body within a few seconds. Since the introduction of this laser-based scanner, scientists, engineers, and ergonomists have sought to exploit the potential of this exciting technology. Challenging applications are being pursued in areas such as anthropometric data collection and human engineering as well as systems modeling. The added components of shape provided by 3D scanning offer a more detailed description of human variation. Once 3D whole-body data are available, a major goal for equipment design and engineering will be to define a set of representative body types or models for the designers [Steven Paquette,1996]. To do so requires using either 3D surface summarization techniques or a combination of 2D and 3D analytical methods. These 3D body forms, when integrated with CAD packages, facilitate design and evaluation before prototyping. Using digital human modeling systems, items designed on the computer can be produced and evaluated for fit and comfort before mass production. In the past decades, ergonomic experts have tried to represent the human body with mathematical models in different methods for different application goals. These methods include polynomial approximation, bezier and radial basis approximation and others. Wismans [1980] researched the mathematical description of the articular surfaces. From his research, we conclude that the surface of a human body can also be represented in functions. Cybenko and Funahashi (1989) proved that arbitrary continuous mapping can be approximated by a feedforward ANN (artificial neural network) with one hidden layer.