Nonparaxial spatial optical solitons in transparent media

摘要

Paper presents a review of theoretical study and numerical simulations of effects of nonparaxiality on spatial optical solitons in transparent media with various types of optical nonlinearity: Kerr-law (cubic) and saturating self-focusing nonlinearities in isotropic media and second-order (quadratic) nonlinearity in anisotropic media. The main features of spatial solitons, including their stability, transient process, and polarization characteristics are found. Conditions for formation of 'optical needles' ― spatial solitons with sub-wavelength width ― are formulated.