Determination of PEMS Measurement Allowances for Gaseous Emissions Regulated Under the Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine In-Use Testing Program Part 2 - Statistical Modeling and Simulation Approach

摘要

Beginning in 2007, heavy-duty engine manufacturers in the U.S. have been responsible for verifying the compliance of in-use vehicles with Not-to-Exceed (NTE) standards under the Heavy-Duty, In-Use Testing Program (HDIUT). This in-use testing is conducted using Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) which are installed on the vehicles to measure emissions during field operation. A key component of the HDIUT program is the generation of measurement allowances which account for the relative accuracy of PEMS as compared to conventional laboratory-based measurement techniques. A program to determine these measurement allowances for gaseous emissions was jointly funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the California Air Resources Board (CARB), and various member companies of the Engine Manufacturer's Association (EMA). The gaseous pollutants examined in the program were carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x). As part of a three-paper series, this paper summarizes the part of this program that involved the development of the Monte Carlo simulation model and describes the methodology used in determining the additive emission measurement allowances for in-use testing. It also describes the validation phase of this project, including a summary of the comparisons of the simulation model outcomes to the PEMS results obtained during on-road testing.