Opportunities and Approaches for Low-Cost and Safety with End-of-life Materials

摘要

1. Market value estimatesa. Recycle tonnage 2025: i. 700,000 tons of end-of-life batteries by 2025. (1)Bloomberg NEF. Avkeene (2019) .ii. The cathodes that can be recycled from is an estimated $5 billion value opportunity by 2025 iii. That's about 1/3 of the cathode demand projection. 2. Opportunities/Challenges a. Manufacturing with recycled or reclaimed material. b. From Direct Recycling. i.Low cost materials. ii. Integration higner in the materials chain with electrode coating. iii. High-risk high-reward: Cathode materials < $10/kg c. From Elemental recovery. i. High/normal cost materials. ii. Integration lower in the materials chain with cathode manufacturing. iii. Low-risk low-reward: Cathode materials ～ $30/kg.