Freshwater molluscs represent an important but little-known component of global biodiversity. Prolonged isolation of drainages and islands promoted a remarkable diversification of gastropods and bivalves, with many restricted-range endemics. Pervasivealterations have long affected many areas, but recent social changes have produced a rampant worldwide abuse of water resources. Freshwater molluscs are particularly vulnerable to habitat destruction, and are currently experiencing a global mass extinction. Conservation action is still insufficient, and must be tightly linked to careful design of pest control and water management.
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