Active surface state behaviour of metals and oxides.

摘要

Solid metals, and their surfaces, are energy storage systems, the storage mechanism being based on the generation of localized or extended defects. The effect is well known both in metallurgy and heterogeneous catalysis. In the latter area Spencer classified catalyst particles into two groups, those with low energy, Equilibrated Metal Surfaces (EMS) and those with high energy, non-equilibrated, Metastable Metal Surfaces (MMS). Since perfect surface order is apparently impossible to produce with real metals, elements of EMS and MMS states invariably coexist at the same solid surface.