One dimensional quantum wires, nanotubes, and nanofiber arrays are of fundamental importance to the study of size-dependent chemical and physical phenomena. High temperature syntheses have been used to generate virtually defect free SiO_2 sheathed crystalline silicon nanowires, virtually monodisperse distributions of silica nanospheres, and coaxial and biaxial SiC/SiO_2 nanowires. The nanowires range in diameter from 15 to 100 nm with lengths between 2 and 200 μm. The silicon nanospheres can be agglomerated to wire-like configurations subsequently impregnated with crystalline silicon nanostructures. Extrapolations of this approach allow the growth of silica nanotubes and nanofiber arrays through flow induced oxidation of crystalline silicon islands. The nanostructures are produced by controlling growth using temperature, pressure, and gas flow rates in a simple reactor configuration.
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