Due to recent advances in software and computer technology, practical simulation of the chip forming process in machining is now a reality. Over the past decade, numerous research institutes have demonstrated the applicability of finite element software to the prediction of chip shape, cutting forces, temperature, tool wear, residual stress in the workpiece, and other important parameters. While traditional cutting tests provide useful information about a process, they do not necessarily provide an understanding of the fundamental mechanics of the process. Parameters such as stress and temperature in the insert and chip are very difficult to measure experimentally. Computer simulation can predict and display these values with reasonable accuracy.
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