Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from Two Light-Duty Gasoline Motor Vehicles

摘要

Two gasoline fuelled light duty vehicles (a 1991 Pontiac Bonneville and a 1995 Chrysler Cirrus) were tested for paniculate matter emissions over the FTP-UDDS cycle and a modified US06 cycle. Gaseous emissions (CO, CO_2, NO_x, THC, CH_4, SO_2) were determined over both test cycles. Total particulate matter and PM: 5 samples were collected to determine mass, elemental and organic carbon, trace metal, inorganic and organic ion emission rates. Average total particulate matter mass emission rates (mg/mile) determined for the UDDS test were 3.6 +- 28% and 1.4 +- 42% for the Bonneville and the Cirrus respectively. Average total particulate matter mass emission rates (mg/mile) determined for the US06 test were 8.3 +- 20% and 4.4 +- 56% for the Bonneville and the Cirrus respectively. Elemental carbon comprised approximately 42% and 21% of the total particulate matter emitted over the UDDS test for the Bonneville and the Cirrus respectively. This proportion was unchanged for the Bonneville for the US06 test, but for the Cirrus the proportion increased to approximately 44%. Metals characteristic of catalyst attrition (Ce, Al, Ni, La) were determined in the particulate matter emissions. Evidence was found for the presence of two organic acids (formate and acetate) in the exhaust. A more effective sampling methodology will be implemented in future studies to obtain quantitative information on organic ion emission rates.