Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems for Meeting Permit Requirements

摘要

This paper discusses issues of technology and cost associated with the application of CEM systems and their specification for meeting permit requirements. Continuous emission monitoring (CEM) techniques have developed since early applications in the 1970's to the point where monitoring for criteria pollutants is now considered to be mature. CEM system data have today, a level of confidence sufficient for both optimizing plant operations and assuring compliance with emissions limitations. Both CEM sampling and analytical techniques are well established. Today, analytical approaches, from the design of multi-gas analyzers and modular systems, are adding new flexibility in monitoring applications. Microprocessors are being incorporated in new generations of CEMS to provide "smart" systems that operate at lower maintenance levels and that are available at lower capital cost than earlier designs. CEM monitoring systems costs can be competitive with those of predictive emission monitoring systems (PEMs). CEMS provide independent measurements without incurring costs associated with PEMs re-correlations. In contrast to parameter monitoring programs designed to meet compliance assurance monitoring requirements, a direct measuring CEM system avoids the manpower necessary to design CAM plans and modify them when process conditions change or control equipment operations are modified.