Theoretical analysis of output statistics in quasi two-level optical waveguide amplifiers

摘要

In this paper it is presented a theoretical evaluation of the following important amplifier parameters: the output mean photon number, the standard deviation, the Fano factor, the statistical fluctuation and the spontaneous emission factor for single and double pass configuration, and for forward and backward pumping schemes in quasi two level optical waveguide amplifiers. The theoretical model used to evaluate the noise characterization of an Er$+3$PLU$/-doped Ti:LiNbO$-3$/ waveguide amplifiers is based on the photon statistics master equation of the linear amplifier, closely related with EDFA model and has been modified to account for the effects of the host material. One considered a quasi two level system model and one neglected ESA due to the considered pumping wavelength. The interaction of the pump and signal photons with Er$+3$PLU$/ ions in LiNbO$-3$/ can be described using the rate equations. The simulations were performed using the small gain approximation in Er$+3$PLU$/:Ti:LiNbO$-3$/ optical waveguides. The pump was supposed in the 1480 nm range and the signal having $lambda $EQ 1530 nm. The evaluation of the above mentioned parameters vs. wavelength, pump powers, etc. were also performed and commented.