ATandT defines robust design as the disciplined practice of variation reduction and performance centering relative to key customer requirements. RD has two objectives. The first is to minimize the product variance, so that product variation is small with respect to customers' specification or tolerance limits. The second is to zero the product bias, so that the nominal product is equal to the customers' ideal product. Prediction and improvement is done during development, and then measurement and any necessary remedial action is done during manufacturing. The authors present the robust design concept and methodology.
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