Characterization of Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics with Integrated Experimental and Modelling Approach for Complex Lead Primary and Recycling Processing

摘要

Substantial advances have been made in the characterization of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of complex multi-phase equilibria in gas- slag-matte-metal-speiss-solids systems directly relevant to primary and recycling lead smelting. The present review summarizes some of the outcomes of recent studies of the multi-component and multi-phase system containing PbO-ZnO-"Cu_2O"-FeO-Fe_2O_3-CaO-SiO_2-S as major components, Al_2O_3-MgO-Cr_2O_3 as minor slagging components, and As-Bi-Ni-Sb-Sn-Ag-Au-Co as other minor components. The research methodology that has been employed involves the integration of experimental measurement and thermodynamic database development. The target of these fundamental studies is to characterize phase equilibria and thermodynamics of this multi-component system and to develop a thermodynamic database as part of a computer package that can be used to assist in optimization of all stages of the value chain from sintering, smelting, and zinc fuming in primary production to complex chemistry processing in recycling. A summary and examples of research outcomes and applications are presented.