CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: NEW TRENDS, PHILOSOPHY AND CHALLENGES IN GAS TRANSMISSION

摘要

The development of natural gas transmission from the territory of the former Soviet Union to Europe started in the early seventies of the last century by the development of the routes through the Ukrainian territory to Czechoslovakia by the Brotherhood gas pipeline (1972) and to Turkey through the Romanian and Bulgarian territory by the Trans-Balkan gas pipeline (1974). Rising demand for the commodity in Europe later caused the development of the already existing transmission corridors and the" construction of new ones such as the Yamal Europe (1999) through the Polish territory and the Blue Stream (2003) through the Black Sea directly to Turkey (see Figure1). The increase in the transmission capacities of the routes culminated in 2010 by putting two lines of the Nord Stream gas corridor (2011/2012) from Russia to Germany into operation. The new corridor affected the transmission amounts of the Brotherhood gas pipeline, which underwent significant optimization and decrease in the transmission capacities in the direction east - west in the Czech and Slovak [1] territory. It also caused partial redirection of gas flows within Central and Eastern Europe (see Figure 3).