Physics and chemistry of creation of fire protection and bio protection by modification of thin surface layers

摘要

An innovative use of wood structures is the creation of high-rise buildings. This is a promising direction in construction in many countries: USA, Australia, Canada, England, etc. Wood (timber) is a material created by nature. Energy consumption for creation of wood structures is a lot smaller in comparison with polymer, glass, or aluminum structures. This causes the economic and energy efficiency of wood building materials. The research has identified the nature of modifiers and the surface modification conditions in thin surface layers (0.5-1 mm). This is important, since this approach does not lead to increase of the weight of the structure, which is very important in conditions of high-rise construction. Mechanism and kinetics research allowed to select the efficient modifiers. Element analysis and infrared spectroscopy was used in the research to evaluate the effectiveness of wood modifying. Influence of the surface layer structure on the modification have been analyzed using the chemical thermodynamics, adsorption, and electron microscopy methods. For research samples we used the pine, which widely used in construction, and samples taken from the memorial wooden architecture, which allow you to assess the durability of structures. It was determined that the most efficient in surface thin layer modification are the esters of phosphorous and phosphinic acids. Wood structures modified wood had group I fire protection efficiency (loss of weight during the fire protection efficiency test was 5 - 9.5 %). Biostability has been analyzed in Severtsev Institution of RAS RF. Results have demonstrated that the wood structures materials analyzed are biologically stable.