Steam and Water Distillation of Piper Betle, Ocimum Basilicum, Cymbopogon Winterianus, and Citrus Hystrix Leaves for Activity of Insect Repellent against Mosquito

摘要

Background: Piper betle, Ocimum basilicum, Cymbopogon winterianus, and Citrus hystrix leaves contain essential oils suspected of having mosquito repellent activity, which can be used as a synthetic repellent alternative such as DEET. Objective: To obtain insect natural repellent to mosquitoes from essential oils. Method: Steam and water distillate to obtain essential oils, GC-MS to know its chemical content. The insect repellent volatile oil activity test in various combinations of concentrations against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes used the subject of mice for 6 hours. Result: Steam and water distillates yielded oils with 0.56% v/b (Piper betle), 0.33% v/b (Ocimum basilicum), 1.7025% (Cymbopogon winterianus) and 0.693% (Citrus hystrix). The yield of GC-MS Piper betle leaf oil contains Chavicol acetate compounds (19.284%) and Trans-isoeugenol (18.485%), Ocimum basilicum leaf oil contains z-citral compounds (54.201%), Cymbopogon winterianus leaf oil contain citronellal oil (35.843%), and Citrus hystrix leaf oil contain Citronellal (66,550%). The results of the activity test showed that the combination of Piper betle and Ocimum basilicum leaves oils had insect repellent activity which was not different with DEET 13%, except for the lower concentration of 50:50. While the combination of Cymbopogon winterianus and Citrus hystrix leaves oils showed that there was a difference of protection between treatment groups, and there was a difference of protection at test time interval because p value <0,05. Conclusion: Piper betle and Ocimum basilicum leaves oils or combination of both and Cymbopogon winterianus and Citrus hystrix leaves oils or combination of both potentially as an alternative insect natural repellent to mosquitoes.