Linde Ammonia Concept (LACTM) for Light Hydrocarbon Feedstocks (LACTM.L1) has already proven its incomparable benefits in operating plants where full conversion of ammonia into urea was not required due to customers integrated complex requirements. In view of the recent demands for exclusive ammonia-urea complex in the country as well as in the international market, Linde has developed a novel modified concept (LACTM.L2) that specifically addresses world scale capacities and the economic production of UREA. The LACTM.L2 is an advance in the design philosophy of ammonia plants. It is a novel concept of proven process steps extending the capability and flexibility of the LACTM product family. Due to the unique set-up of the syngas generation section a high flexibility in the NH3/CO2 ratio in the syngas is achieved. This feature is ideally suited for different operational scenarios e.g. for constant urea demand resulting in constant CO2 demand and varying export NH3. The new concept was developed to improve the energy efficiency of the ammonia production process as well as to improve reliability, availability and flexibility requirements and will provide substantial savings in high energy cost scenario like in India. The LACTM product family also incorporates solutions for utilizing low cost feed stocks such as Heavy Residue, petcoke and coal (LACTM.H) for production of ammonia and conversion to urea in countries like India facing constraints in supply and pricing of NG. The author will also demonstrate how easily it is possible to produce ammonia from hydrogen rich offgas streams (LACTM.L3) originating from e.g. Methanol plant, PDH and Ethylene plants applying some of the core process blocks of the LACTM product family and consequently achieving the lowest cost of ammonia production.
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