FORMATION OF SOCIAL ECOSYSTEM SPACE AND ITS CHANGE IN DESERT AREA: A CASE STUDY IN MAFRAQ, NORTHERN CITY, JORDAN

摘要

The issue of refugee is obviously not new in the realm of global politics. It has been observed that throughout human history, the issue has occupied an important place in the contemporary international agenda. Jordan has been exposed to huge influx of refugee starts from Palestinians just after her independence from the British Mandate. From 2011, the number of Syrians are crossing border to Jordan. She has been always at the front line of the refugee issue, and the situation seems to continue. In a close look to the northern part of Jordan, Mafraq, the history and expansion itself of the city is analyzed by the influx of people with geographical features and governmental policy towards the Governorate. Since the starts of Syrians influx, Mafraq's urban space populated and expanded with their movements, which includes new hospitals, roads, shops and change in school curriculum with evening course for Syrian students. Ecological space in the city is in critical situation such as only 35% of draining system within Mafraq city is served. As well as social activities by local charitable organizations have been increasing and almost doubled in three years from 2012 to 2014. Their activities, especially securement of housing and living spaces also makes change in the city in both ecological and social aspects.