Avian Radiographic Anatomy

摘要

The crop is located to the right of the cervical air sacs cranial to the coelomic cavity. There are two parts to the stomach in birds: the proventriculus and ventriculus. As in mammals these are to the left of midline on the VD radiograph. The proventriculus is tubular shaped located dorsal to the heart and liver in the mid-coelomic cavity on the lateral view. The ventriculus usually contains mineralized grit, is circular in shape, and is located at the level of the coxofemoral joints on the lateralradiograph. The connection between the proventriculus and ventriculus is called the isthmus and this location is predisposed to neoplasia such as adenocarcinoma.