The use of vibrating membranes for fouling control of submerged membrane bioreactor has attracted great concern in recent studies (Bilad et al., 2012; Kola et al., 2012, Li et al., 2013) due to the high shear stress generated on the membrane surface. Comparing with traditional aeration process, vibration is more energy efficient due to the energy consumption mainly focusing on the membrane surface and less dissipation to the bulk fluid. The vibration of hollow fibre membranes can be done longitudinally (i.e. along the fibre length) or transversely (i.e. perpendicular to the fibre length) or their combination. During vibrations, shear stress was generated on the membrane surface, thus membrane fouling could be reduced.
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