Furnished cages (FCs) were conceived over 30 years ago when the welfare deficiencies of barren conventional ones were realized. Their use was intended to enhance hens' behavioural repertoire and welfare without the disadvantages of non-cage and extensive housing. Since then their design has been refined and improved, resulting in much improved performance and hen welfare. Group size has been an important consideration, especially in relation to variation in damaging pecking in differing genotypes with or without beak treatment. Regulations on the latter vary from country to country and have affected design, group size and management. The trend has been to move from furnished cages for small groups of hens (FCSs), used mainly in Scandinavia, to furnished cages for medium/large groups (FCMs/FCLs) subsequently developed in other countries. The three group sizes have generally performed well under good management. Interventions such as beak trimming and controlled light intensity are most often appliedin FCLs and to brown genotypes. Large-scale studies, in which performance and welfare have been compared across all currently available systems, show that they are at least as good in FCs as in any other system, and probably superior. Council Directive1999/74/EC, which required the demise of all conventional cages in the European Union by 2012, has accelerated the move into FCs and it seems likely that the majority of laying hens in Europe will be housed in them for the foreseeable future, with the aim of enhancing laying hen welfare. However, FCs have potential for further improvement; this chapter suggests some possible developments.
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