This paper presents a series of sandbox tests of large deformation in Toyoura sands. The image analysis software package GeoDPDM, which was developed by the authors, is used to investigate the shear patterns and the evolution of the local deformation in sands under different confining pressures. The results show that: (1) The deformation zone looks like fusiform, and can be divided into a number of large deformation bands and small deformation blocks between the bands, (2) The intense shear deformation zones migrate during shearing, (3) The shear strain continues to develop at high rate in the final shear bands, and (4) The soil deformation can be classified into three stages: initial stage of elastic deformation in the whole specimen, middle stage of elastic deformation in localized regions, and the final stage of plastic deformation in the final shear band.
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