Hydrogen Pathways in France: Results of the HYFRANCE3 Project

摘要

HyFrance3 is French project that involved ten partners that consists of major players from a range of energy, scientific, research and engineering institutions: ADEME (partner and co-funding), AFH2, LEPII, IFPEnergies nouvelles, Air Liquide, EDF, GDF Suez, Total Raffinage Marketing, ALPHEA and CEA (coordinator). HyFrance3 has been launched to focus on the economic competitiveness of different steps of the hydrogen value chain, at the time horizon of 2030 in France: industrial demand, wind energy production, mass storage and distribution for automotive supply. The current annual production of hydrogen in France should increase to values over 1 Mt per year at the time horizon of 2030, and the steelmaking could represent very high additional supply requests. Two petroleum scenarios have been analysed, that led to 20% and 40% in fuel consumption decreases respectively in 2030, in comparison to 2008, and additional hydrogen production capacities that depend on the scenario. The cost of producing hydrogen from wind-generated electricity vary widely depending on the configurations tested, mainly the demand profiles: from 4 ?/kg for a BtL station supply "with the current" when the system is connected to the grid (about 9 ?/kg when isolated), up to 20?/kg for an isolated refuelling station. The storage cost represents the major part of the overall system. Hydrogen mass storage dimensioning in thick salt deposits in the Rhone-Alpes and PACA regions has been evaluated, as well as filling and emptying rates, depending on different requests scenarios and supply shut down assumptions. The ECOTRANSHY tool worked out an economic model to provide the main optimal features of hydrogen supply in two French regions, supplying a set of delivery points (refueling stations) in those regions, at various time steps from 2010 to 2050. In the long term, the transportation by pipelines is cheaper than the use of trucks. Costs range between ?0.40/kg and ?0.60/kg for this date depending on the energy price estimates (particularly for electricity) and the distance from the storage site.