It is required to make low-carbon cities in the field of urban policy in order to work toward global environmental problems. Under these circumstances, we think it is necessary to create aggregated, environmentally friendly urban structures in cities. Japanese cities such as Tokyo have actively utilized public transportation that imposes less of an environmental burden to form compact city structures with aggregated city functions. APMs represented by monorails and AGTs have played vital roles as intermediate mass rapid transit systems in the formation of city structures in Japan. This paper describes the latest situations in Japan's initiatives of low-carbon cities and development of public transportation (APMs, etc.) from the viewpoints of planning and technical theories.
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