Using remote sensing and GIS for damage assessment after flooding, the case of Muscat, Oman after Gonu tropical cyclone 2007: Urban planning perspective

摘要

Natural Disasters occur frequently around the world, and their incidence and intensity seem to be increasing in recent years. The Disasters such as cyclones and floods often cause significant loss of life, large-scale economic and social impacts, and environmental damage. For example, Cyclone Gonu was the strongest tropical cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea, and tied for the strongest tropical cyclone on record in the northern Indian Ocean and was the strongest named cyclone in this basin. On June 5 2007 it made landfall on the eastern-most tip of Oman with winds of 150 km/h (90 mph). Gonu dropped heavy rainfall near the eastern coastline, reaching up to 610 mm (24 inches), which caused flooding and heavy damage. The cyclone caused about $4 billion in damage and nearly 50 deaths in Oman, where the cyclone was considered the nation's worst natural disaster. Nowadays, we have access to data and techniques provided by remote sensing and GIS that have proven their usefulness in disaster management plan. Remote Sensing can assists in damage assessment monitoring, providing a quantitative base for relief operations. After that, it can be used to map the new situation and update the database used for the reconstruction of an area. Disaster management plan consists of two phases that takes place before disaster occurs, disaster prevention and disaster preparedness, a three phases that happens after the occurrence of a disaster i.e. disaster relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. In the disaster rehabilitation phase GIS is used to organize the damage information and the post-disaster census information, and in the evaluation of sites for reconstruction. In this study, two IKONOS satellite images of Muscat, Oman have been utilized; one image before the cyclone and one after. The two images have been geometrically corrected. Change detection has been applied to identify and assess the damages. The results of this study emphasize the importance of using remote sensing and GIS in damage assessment phase as part of effective Disaster Management Plan.