Technology gaps and challenges for processing high asphaltene-high metal containing crudes(Abstract)

摘要

The vast reserves of heavy oil, together with the declining offer of light oils, are raising a renewed interest in heavy oil processing. Thus, keeping in mind the highly stringent environmental requirements, their increasing share within the refinery diet not only deepens processing problems, but also increases the operating costs. As a whole, the fuel manufacturing process becomes one of enormous complexity.