A Comprehensive Assessment of Raw Multi-GNSS Measurements from Mainstream Portable Smart Devices - (PPT)

摘要

Characterization of Observation Noise: 1. C/N_0: Low signal strength, unique C/N_0 variation; 2. Pseudorange: 10 times larger than survey-grade (severe multipath effects); 3. Carrier-phase: 1～3 time larger than survey-grade (duty-cycle off). Positioning Performance: 1. Static: SPP: 10 m～20 m (95%), CRP: cm, PPP: dm. 2. Kinematic (in suburban area): CRP: dm (2D) and sub-meter (3D). Opportunities and Challenges: 1. Duty cycling control for Android P; Multi-GNSS; Dual frequency; 2. Poor multipath suppression capability and non-uniform gain of the passive linearly polarized GNSS antenna; 3. Integer ambiguities?