In this talk, I review our recent work on exact bosonization of a finite numberof non-relativistic fermions moving in an arbitrary potential in one space dimension. I then discuss applications to problems in string theory and field theory, including to Tomonaga's half-century old problem of bosonization of free fermions on a circle. The main results outlined here can be found in the papers hep-th/0509164, hep-th/0512312 and hep-th/0603154.
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