Systematic suspect screening and identification of sulfa drug metabolites in the aquatic environment

摘要

Sulfa drugs are widely used in human and veterinary medicine and ubiquitously detected in the aquatic environment. There is increasing concern regarding their potential to alter the composition of environmental bacterial communities and the possible promotion of antibiotic resistance. While the fate and occurrence of the parent sulfonamides received increased attention during the last decade, their transformation products (TPs) only now shift into the focus of environmental risk assessment. Some selected TPs such as the glucorinated or acetylated sulfonamides formed during human metabolism have been detected in wastewater and surface water. However, considering that numerous laboratory studies reported the formation of a variety of TPs, it can be expected that many more sulfonamide TPs occur in the aquatic environment.