This paper will provide a comprehensive overview of various lubrication aspects of a typical powertrain system including the engine, transmission, driveline, and other components, as well as the integration of these lubrication and surface engineering concepts into a unified automotive powertrain system. In addition, this presentation will focus on the current status and future trends in automotive lubricants including discussion of current and anticipated future requirements of automotive engine oils. This paper will also review the current standard ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) test methods for engine lubricants and other compilations of automotive standards. In addition to engine oil test development, industrial researchers are developing light weight materials such as nonferrous materials (Al, Mg) for engine and drivetrain materials to replace the current heavy-weight cast iron blocks. Recent industrial developments include high strength and high density of composite materials, quick plastic forming, hydroforming technology, antiwear resistant coatings, and the ability to mold large structural components. Industrial researchers have also developed processing improvements for forming more complex stamped aluminum parts or panels, more robust stamping, and improved manufacturing processes. In this paper, our insights and perspectives on future trends in light weight tribological material and modern advances of nonotribology will also be reviewed.
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