Produced water impact monitoring in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea Overview of water column surveys in the three major regions

摘要

The Norwegian Pollution Control Authorities(SFT)have since 1999 required environmental monitoring of the water column by the oil companies operating in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea,in addition to discharge monitoring. Field-based monitoring projects have been conducted in three major production areas to assess the potential impact of produced water discharge;the Tampen,Ekofisk,and Sleipner egions.The work focuses on contaminants that may bioaccumulate and/or cause toxic effects,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)and metals.The fate and effects of the contaminants are determined using field-based techniques and through modeling.The results from the two approaches are used for model validation,and to refine the model and field assessment techniques.The model is also used to develop the Environmental Impact Factor(EIF)for each discharge;the EIF is a risk-based tool used to manage produced water discharges in Norway.