Eight commercially sized CO{sub}2 heat pump water heaters have been developed for the North American market and installed into a diverse range of geographic and application sites. These units have been fitted with instrumentation to enable the tracking of performance and reliability in the field, and this data has been collected to give a true picture of the economic benefits of the units in their respective applications. The performance results show a considerable benefit over conventional water heating systems, with all of the units providing some USD4,000 to USD10,000 in annual energy cost savings compared to the pre-existing gas and propane heating systems. The units provide sanitary hot water at a temperature range of 60°C to 82°C at an hourly rate of 900 ltr/hr. The applications range from industrial aerospace facilities over food services to medical facilities. The units have accumulated a total of some 8000 operating hours and produced approximately 7.2 million liters of hot water. The availability of the units exceeds 85%. The field trial sites were selected to cover a wide range of geographic and climatic regions in the US and include locations on the east and west coast as well as the south of the States.
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