Technologietrends bei Pkw Otto- und Dieselmotoren

摘要

Current developments of passenger car combustion engines show the tendency that gasoline and diesel engines become ever more similar from the combustion system point of view. Technologies, like for example direct injection as well as turbo charging, which were reserved predominantly so far for the diesel engine and led to large customer popularity, are taken up more and more also by the gasoline engine. The slogan reads here "driving pleasure with low fuel consumption". The enormous challenge with the diesel engines represents the upcoming future exhaust emission standards. The emissions have to be reduced with affordable technologies and without fuel consumption penalties. Focussing on the diesel combustion technology, rather evolutionary steps lead to a permanent progress; the true breakthroughs however are realized by the exhaust gas aftertreatment, to be mentioned the particulate trap and the BLUETEC technology. The efforts here are "to make the diesel engine as clean as the gasoline engine". This goal seems attainable with the BLUETEC technology. The challenge with the gasoline engines is to make it "as fuel consumption favourable as the diesel engine" and this with attractive driving characteristics and cost. The measures for fuel consumption reduction are characterized by further dethrottling, the improvement of the engine efficiency and shifting the operating area to an optimum by downsizing. The major goal, however, is to filter a combination out of the big variety of known technologies, that allows the highest benefits with the lowest expense regarding fuel consumption and driving characteristics. In this paper the future technology trends of passenger car gasoline and diesel engines are pointed out, and from this some demands regarding cylinder head and valve train design are formulated.