Lead-acid batteries play a central role in stand alone renewable power supply systems due to their widespread availability throughout the world and their relatively low investment costs. This situation has not been changed by the introduction of new battery technology. In stand-alone power supply systems, the energy input fluctuates strongly according to climatic and meteorological conditions. As a result, the batteries are frequently operated at low states of charge, are often cycled in a partly charged state and are recharged with only low currents. This affects the lifetime of lead-acid batteries very unfavorably. Therefore, at Fraunhofer ISE we have developed a battery management system (BMS), which increases the lifetime and reliability of the battery storage bank and thus greatly reduces the maintenance need and lifetime costs.
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