Many HIV-infected patients have gastrointestinal complications. Major causes of anorexia, nausea and vomiting are medications (especially antiretrovirals, antibiotics, opiates and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs), depression, intracranial pathology, gastrointestinal diseases, hypogonadism, pregnancy, lactic acidosis, etc. Treatment of the underlying condition is important.Thrush is presented as white painless plaques on the oral mucosa that can easily be scraped off. Because oral candidiasis itself is an opportunistic infection, it predicts disease progression and development of other AIDS-related infections. The cause of aphthous ulcers is unknown. In differential diagnosis herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and drug-induced ulcers should be considered. Anaerobic bacteria cause gingivitis (from linear gingival erythema, necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing peridontitis to necrotizing stomatitis).
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