The term "chronic stable refractory angina pectoris" has been designated to patients with severe chest pain, resulting from coronary artery disease that is uncontrollable by both antianginal medication (aspirins, b?-blocking agents, calcium-channel blockers, long-acting nitrates etc.) and revascularization procedures (Percutaneous Transluminal Interventions [FIT] and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery [CABS]).1 However, the severity of anginal symptoms is to the judgement of the patients. Therefore, the European Study Group on the Treatment of Refractory Angina Pectoris has recently redefined this disorder as: "a chronic condition characterized by the presence of angina, caused by coronary insufficiency in the presence of coronary artery disease, which cannot be adequately controlled by a combination of medical therapy, angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass surgery.
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